Is mental wellbeing linked to arts engagement?

Arts and creativity are essential elements in our life and I believe everyone should consider it seriously. Have you ever seen even one person who has never had this itching desire to create something, to draw or paint, to sing, to dance, to paly an instrument, to write a poem, a story or to make a craft? I’ve never seen even one person who has no yearning for art making but I have seen many fearful people afraid of talking or even thinking about arts. Many blocked artists think they are not talented enough, not having enough time, too old to start, have too many responsibilities, or those who reject art-making even more harshly, believing arts gets you no where, or it’s just wasting time.

Limiting beliefs, fear of failure and rejection make us to restrain our imagination and ignoring our inner artist and our deep desire to create.

Since 2015 I’ve been running Art workshops called Art-Empowers for general participants encouraging everyone to create freely and experience the benefit of the craft. The aim is to empower people through Art and bringing awareness to mental health and wellbeing. Through different practice including interactive theater games, story telling, drawing and digital media everyone has the opportunity to discover inner talent while enjoying the creative process.

“Inside you there’s an artist you don’t know about… say yes quickly, if you know, if you’ve known it from before the beginning of the universe.” Rumi

Dr Christina Davis discuss her recent research the Art of Being Mentally Healthy 

“Do you relax by playing a musical instrument, reading a novel, singing or painting? Have your mind and body ‘worked out’ while dancing? Do you delight in a good concert, play, movie or exhibition? Stop and think about how these behaviours affect your mental wellbeing. With an emphasis on enjoyment, relaxation, social inclusion and the ability to improve resilience, confidence and self-esteem, an arts-mental health paradigm has the potential to deliver major public health benefits. 

The Art of Being Mentally Healthy was recently published in BMC Public Health. The award-winning study is the first internationally to quantify the arts-mental health relationship and provides evidence of an association between mental wellbeing and 2 hours per week of arts engagement in the general population. 

For the purpose of the study, ‘Arts engagement’ was defined as the art people do as part of their everyday lives for enjoyment, entertainment or as a hobby (i.e. recreational arts rather than art therapy).

A random sample of 702 Western Australian adults aged 18+ years were invited to take part in the study via telephone survey (response= 71%). The survey took 15 minutes to complete and included questions about mental well-being and arts engagement over the previous 12 months.

After adjustment for age, gender, location, income, education, marital status, children, general health, sports engagement, religious activities and holidays, results showed that:

•   people with 100 or more hours per year of arts engagement (i.e. at least 2hrs per week) had significantly better mental wellbeing than those with none or lower levels of engagement. 

•   The relationship between arts engagement and mental wellbeing was nonlinear with evidence of a minimum threshold at 100 or more hours per year (i.e. at least 2hrs/week).

This is the first study to quantify the relationship between recreational arts engagement and mental health in a general population.  

The quantification of the arts-mental health is relationship is of value to:

1   artists, health professionals, clinicians and researchers interested in utilising the arts as a method for improving mental health in the general population; 

2   artists, health promoters, policy makers, arts organisations and health organisations in the development of population based health messages, policy and practice; and

3  members of the general public in maintaining or improving their own wellbeing.

Arts activities and events have the potential to contribute to health promotion strategies and have implications for innovative public health policy and practice. 

A copy of the published paper can be found at http://bmcpublichealth.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12889-015-2672-7

By Mojan Javadi and Dr Christina Davis

The Science of Storytelling: Why Telling a Story is the Most Powerful Way to Activate Our Brains

A good story can make or break a presentation, article, or conversation. But why is that? Here I would like to share the science of why storytelling is so uniquely powerful.

In 1748, the British politician and aristocrat John Montagu, the 4th Earl of Sandwich, spent a lot of his free time playing cards. He greatly enjoyed eating a snack while still keeping one hand free for the cards. So he came up with the idea to eat beef between slices of toast, which would allow him to finally eat and play cards at the same time. Eating his newly invented "sandwich," the name for two slices of bread with meat in between, became one of the most popular meal inventions in the western world.

What's interesting about this is that you are very likely to never forget the story of who invented the sandwich ever again. Or at least, much less likely to do so, if it would have been presented to us in bullet points or other purely information-based form.

For over 27,000 years, since the first cave paintings were discovered, telling stories has been one of our most fundamental communication methods. Recently a good friend of mine gave me an introduction to the power of storytelling, and I wanted to learn more.

Here is the science around storytelling and how we can use it to make better decisions every day:

Our brain on stories: How our brains become more active when we tell stories

We all enjoy a good story, whether it's a novel, a movie, or simply something one of our friends is explaining to us. But why do we feel so much more engaged when we hear a narrative about events?

It's in fact quite simple. If we listen to a powerpoint presentation with boring bullet points, a certain part in the brain gets activated. Scientists call this Broca's area and Wernicke's area. Overall, it hits our language processing parts in the brain, where we decode words into meaning. And that's it, nothing else happens.

When we are being told a story, things change dramatically. Not only are the language processing parts in our brain activated, but any other area in our brain that we would use when experiencing the events of the story are too.

If someone tells us about how delicious certain foods were, our sensory cortex lights up. If it's about motion, our motor cortex gets active:

"Metaphors like "The singer had a velvet voice" and "He had leathery hands" roused the sensory cortex. […] Then, the brains of participants were scanned as they read sentences like "John grasped the object" and "Pablo kicked the ball." The scans revealed activity in the motor cortex, which coordinates the body's movements."

A story can put your whole brain to work. And yet, it gets better:

When we tell stories to others that have really helped us shape our thinking and way of life, we can have the same effect on them too. The brains of the person telling a story and listening to it can synchronize, says Uri Hasson from Princeton:

"When the woman spoke English, the volunteers understood her story, and their brains synchronized. When she had activity in her insula, an emotional brain region, the listeners did too. When her frontal cortex lit up, so did theirs. By simply telling a story, the woman could plant ideas, thoughts and emotions into the listeners' brains."

Anything you've experienced, you can get others to experience the same. Or at least, get their brain areas that you've activated that way, active too:

Evolution has wired our brains for storytelling—how to make use of it

Now all this is interesting. We know that we can activate our brains better if we listen to stories. The still unanswered question is: Why is that? Why does the format of a story, where events unfold one after the other, have such a profound impact on our learning?

The simple answer is this: We are wired that way. A story, if broken down into the simplest form, is a connection of cause and effect. And that is exactly how we think. We think in narratives all day long, no matter if it is about buying groceries, whether we think about work or our spouse at home. We make up (short) stories in our heads for every action and conversation. In fact, Jeremy Hsu found [that] "personal stories and gossip make up 65% of our conversations."

Now, whenever we hear a story, we want to relate it to one of our existing experiences. That's why metaphors work so well with us. While we are busy searching for a similar experience in our brains, we activate a part called insula, which helps us relate to that same experience of pain, joy, or disgust.

The following graphic probably describes it best:

In a great experiment, John Bargh at Yale found the following:

"Volunteers would meet one of the experimenters, believing that they would be starting the experiment shortly. In reality, the experiment began when the experimenter, seemingly struggling with an armful of folders, asks the volunteer to briefly hold their coffee. As the key experimental manipulation, the coffee was either hot or iced. Subjects then read a description of some individual, and those who had held the warmer cup tended to rate the individual as having a warmer personality, with no change in ratings of other attributes."

We link up metaphors and literal happenings automatically. Everything in our brain is looking for the cause and effect relationship of something we've previously experienced.

Let's dig into some hands on tips to make use of it:

Exchange giving suggestions for telling stories

Do you know the feeling when a good friend tells you a story and then two weeks later, you mention the same story to him, as if it was your idea? This is totally normal and at the same time, one of the most powerful ways to get people on board with your ideas and thoughts. According to Uri Hasson from Princeton, a story is the only way to activate parts in the brain so that a listener turns the story into their own idea and experience.

The next time you struggle with getting people on board with your projects and ideas, simply tell them a story, where the outcome is that doing what you had in mind is the best thing to do. According to Princeton researcher Hasson, storytelling is the only way to plant ideas into other people's minds.

Write more persuasively—bring in stories from yourself or an expert

This is something that took me a long time to understand. If you start out writing, it's only natural to think "I don't have a lot of experience with this, how can I make my post believable if I use personal stories?" The best way to get around this is by simply exchanging stories with those of experts. When this blog used to be a social media blog, I would ask for quotes from the top folks in the industry or simply find great passages they had written online. It's a great way to add credibility and at the same time, tell a story.

The simple story is more successful than the complicated one

When we think of stories, it is often easy to convince ourselves that they have to be complex and detailed to be interesting. The truth is however, that the simpler a story, the more likely it will stick. Using simple language as well as low complexity is the best way to activate the brain regions that make us truly relate to the happenings of a story. This is a similar reason why multitasking is so hard for us. Try for example to reduce the number of adjectives or complicated nouns in a presentation or article and exchange them with more simple, yet heartfelt language.

Quick last fact: Our brain learns to ignore certain overused words and phrases that used to make stories awesome. Scientists, in the midst of researching the topic of storytelling have also discovered, that certain words and phrases have lost all storytelling power:

"Some scientists have contended that figures of speech like "a rough day" are so familiar that they are treated simply as words and no more."

This means, that the frontal cortex—the area of your brain responsible to experience emotions—can't be activated with these phrases. It's something that might be worth remembering when crafting your next story.